ABSTRACT
Objective. To understand the health process, from the approach of the social determination of health in two neighborhoods in Medellín - Colombia, to contribute to the care of people, families, and collectives in their multidimensional reality. Methods. Qualitative research from the ethnographic perspective, approaching the general dimension with documentary analysis of social policies and community documents, the particular dimension through focal groups and interviews to community leaders, and the singular dimension with the family visit. Results. Families and collectives live within a sociocultural setting of resistance, overshadowed by moments of flight and displacement derived from violence, with scant participation in city plans and programs and with structural problems of economic and political exclusion. They constructed the territory as space and shelter in the weave that protects and violates them, with processes from uprooting to rooting. The families have maintained protective processes, like family participation in decision making, knowledge on health care, among others, and destructive processes, like informal labor and job instability, without spaces for recreation and with limitations in transportation, in access to health programs and in obtaining food. Conclusion. The health of the families has been determined by historical exclusion to work to obtain resources for a minimum vital subsistence, which is why they suffer social vulnerability due to few opportunities for development; they have lived a transformation process of the territory with resistance, solidarity, and construction of social networks.
Objective. To understand the health process, from the approach of the social determination of health in two neighborhoods in Medellín - Colombia, to contribute to the care of people, families, and collectives in their multidimensional reality. Methods. Qualitative research from the ethnographic perspective, approaching the general dimension with documentary analysis of social policies and community documents, the particular dimension through focal groups and interviews to community leaders, and the singular dimension with the family visit. Results. Families and collectives live within a sociocultural setting of resistance, overshadowed by moments of flight and displacement derived from violence, with scant participation in city plans and programs and with structural problems of economic and political exclusion. They constructed the territory as space and shelter in the weave that protects and violates them, with processes from uprooting to rooting. The families have maintained protective processes, like family participation in decision making, knowledge on health care, among others, and destructive processes, like informal labor and job instability, without spaces for recreation and with limitations in transportation, in access to health programs and in obtaining food. Conclusion. The health of the families has been determined by historical exclusion to work to obtain resources for a minimum vital subsistence, which is why they suffer social vulnerability due to few opportunities for development; they have lived a transformation process of the territory with resistance, solidarity, and construction of social networks.
Objetivo. Compreender o processo de saúde, a partir da abordagem da determinação social da saúde em dois bairros de Medellín, para contribuir com o cuidado de indivíduos, famílias e grupos em sua realidade multidimensional. Métodos. Pesquisa qualitativa na perspectiva etnográfica; abordou a dimensão geral com análise documental de políticas sociais e documentos comunitários, a dimensão particular por meio de grupos focais e entrevistas com lideranças comunitárias e a dimensão singular com a visita familiar. Resultados. Famílias e grupos vivem em um espaço sociocultural de resistência, matizado por momentos de fuga e deslocamento derivados da violência, com pouca participação nos planos e programas da cidade e com problemas estruturais de exclusão econômica e política. Construíram o território como espaço e refúgio na urdidura que os protege e os viola, com processos de desenraizamento ao enraizamento. As famílias têm mantido processos protetivos como a participação da família na tomada de decisões, o conhecimento dos cuidados de saúde, entre outros, e processos destrutivos como o trabalho informal e a precarização do emprego, sem espaços de lazer e com limitações no transporte, no acesso aos programas de saúde e na obtenção de alimentos. Conclusão. A saúde das famílias tem sido determinada pela exclusão histórica do trabalho para obtenção de recursos para um mínimo vital de subsistência, pelo qual sofrem vulnerabilidade social devido às escassas oportunidades de desenvolvimento; vivenciaram um processo de transformação do território com resistência, solidariedade e construção de redes sociais.
Subject(s)
Humans , Health-Disease Process , Public Health , Community Health Nursing , Human Migration , Social Determination of HealthABSTRACT
Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de consumo de tabaco, alcohol y otras sustancias en su relación con predictores de riesgo para la salud mental, en estudiantes de salud de una universidad pública. Metodología: tipo cuantitativa, descriptiva, transversal. Se seleccionaron 3020 estudiantes de nueve (9) facultades de salud. A través de un muestreo por conglomerados proporcional al número de estudiantes por facultad, se utilizó un cuestionario compuesto de cuatro partes: una con variables sociodemográficas y tres test. Resultados: AUDIT: de los 1726 estudiantes que respondieron la encuesta 80,4 % está en la zona de riesgo I, por lo que se sugiere educación sobre el alcohol; el 0,9 % se ubicó en la zona IV, se aconseja la derivación a especialista. FAGESTRÖM: los que respondieron (n=196), el 88,3 % puntuaron como fumador poco dependiente; el 8,2 % de ellos presentaron riesgo de dependencia. DUSI: en relación con el consumo de sustancias ilícitas, la marihuana tiene el consumo más alto (n=554), el 72,3 % lo hizo de forma experimental; el 8,5 % lo realizó de forma compulsiva. Conclusión: los datos encontrados permitieron ver cifras elevadas de consumo perjudicial, por tal motivo es necesario proponer estrategias de intervención oportunas.
Objective. To describe the prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and other substances and its relationship with predictors of mental health in health students from a public university. Materials and methods. Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional. Three thousand twenty students from nine health departments were selected. Cluster sampling is proportional to the number of students per department. A questionnaire of four parts was used: one with sociodemographic variables and three tests. Results. AUDIT: Out of 1726 respondents, 80.4 % were in risk zone I where education on alcohol is suggested and 0.9 % were in zone IV, referral to a specialist; FAGESTRÖM: Of the respondents (n = 196), 88.3 % scored as slightly dependent smokers and 8.2 % had a risk of dependence. DUSI: About the use of controlled substances, marijuana has the highest consumption (n = 554); 72.3 % used it experimentally and 8.5 % did it compulsively. Conclusion. The data revealed high figures of harmful use; therefore, it is necessary to propose timely intervention strategies.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Describir las condiciones de trabajo y de organización del profesional de enfermería en diferentes formas de contratación laboral. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, con selección de 552 enfermeras que laboraban en instituciones de 2°, 3° y 4° nivel de atención en salud en una ciudad colombiana; con un tamaño muestral por conglomerados representados por 31 IPS. Se usó el cuestionario de Condiciones de Trabajo (qCT) validado para Latinoamérica. Resultados: Predominaron las enfermeras con edades entre 25 y 34 años (55%), solteras (52%), en instituciones privadas laboraba el 63,5%, en modalidad de contrato a término indefinido 51%. El promedio de valoración de las condiciones de trabajo y de organización fue positiva en todas las escalas qCT acorde con la media y desviación estándar. El tipo de contratación tiene peso en la determinación de las condiciones de trabajo, pero no es el único indicador. Conclusión: Las mejores condiciones de trabajo y de organización como mayor antigüedad laboral, mayor salario, cubrimiento total de la seguridad social y prestaciones sociales, se dan en las enfermeras que laboran en contrato a término indefinido y en empresas de carácter privado.
Objective: To describe the conditions of work and organization of professional nursing in different forms of contracting. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was made by selecting 552 nurses who were working in institutions of 2°, 3° and 4° health care level in a Colombian city; with a sample size for conglomerate represented by 31 IPS. The questionnaire on working conditions (qCT) validated for Latin America was used. Results: Nurses aged between 25 and 34 years (55%) prevailed, those who were single 52%, in private institutions 63.5% and with an indefinite-term contract 51%. The average assessment of the conditions of work and organization was positive in all scales qCT according to the mean and standard deviation. The type of hiring is important in the determination of working conditions, but it is not the only indicator. Conclusion: The best conditions of work and organization such as greater seniority, higher salary, total coverage of the social security and social benefits, are given to nurses who work in indefinite-term contract and private companies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Organizations , Contracts , NursesABSTRACT
Objetivo. Comprender cómo perciben, interpretan y responden a las manifestaciones y efectos de la insuficiencia cardiaca crónica (ICC) las personas que la padecen. Metodología. Investigación cualitativa del tipo teoría fundada. La información se obtuvo de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 13 personas, hombres y mujeres con edades entre 40 y 85 años, de diferentes niveles educativos y socioeconómicos. La investigación se realizó en Medellín (Colombia) en 2007. Resultados. Los entrevistados perciben la muerte como un hecho cercano, concepción afianzada con las restricciones que la enfermedad les impone. Esta situación los lleva a establecer cambios importantes en su forma de vivir y de relacionarse con las personas y el entorno, permitiéndoles mejorar su estado de salud, controlar la enfermedad y mejorar la supervivencia. Conclusión. Los participantes aceptan la ICC mediante un proceso en el que, sentir la proximidad de la muerte, cambia la forma de enfrentar la enfermedad.
Objective. To understand how people with Chronic heart failure (CHF), perceive, understand, and answer to the manifestations and effects of the disease. Methodology. Grounded theory qualitative research. Data was gotten from semi-structured interviews to 13 people, men and women between 40 and 85 years of age, from different educational and socioeconomic levels. The research was carried out in Medellin (Colombia) in 2007. Results. Interviewees perceive death as a close fact, this idea is reassured with the restrictions the disease imposes. This situation makes them establish important changes in their life style; their relationships with other people, and their environment, allowing them improve their health, control the disease, and improve survical. Conclusion. Participants accept CHF through a process, in which, when feeling close to death, change their way of coping with the disease.
Objetivo. Compreender como percebem, interpretam e respondem às manifestações e efeitos da insuficiência cardíaca crônica (ICC) as pessoas que sofrem desta doença. Metodologia. Investigação qualitativa do tipo teoria fundada. A informação se obteve de entrevistas semi-estruturadas a 13 pessoas, homens e mulheres com idades entre 40 e 85 anos, de diferentes níveis educativos e socioeconômicos. A investigação se realizou em Medellín (Colômbia) em 2007. Resultados. Os entrevistados percebem a morte como um fato próximo, concepção que se afiança com as restrições que a doença lhes impõe. Esta situação os leva a estabelecer mudanças importantes em sua forma de viver e de relacionar-se com as pessoas e o meio, permitindo-lhes melhorar seu estado de saúde, controlar a doença e melhorar a sobrevivência. Conclusão. Os participantes aceitam a ICC através de um processo no que, ao sentir-se ante a proximidade da morte, muda a forma de enfrentar a doença.